Asp.net provides many server controls which ease the development process. These controls include input controls like TextBoxes, Button controls and complex controls like Datagrid and Calendar. All the server controls have one common process which is known as postback. Postback is when we send the request from the user back to the server and than server takes some action on it and returns the call back to the client. Sometimes these calls are very expensive and we rather solve the problem on the client side. In this article we will see that how we can use the client side operations with the server controls and make less round trips.
Asp.net provides many server controls which ease the development process. These controls include input controls like TextBoxes, Button controls and complex controls like Datagrid and Calendar. All the server controls have one common process which is known as postback. Postback is when we send the request from the user back to the server and than server takes some action on it and returns the call back to the client. Sometimes these calls are very expensive and we rather solve the problem on the client side. In this article we will see that how we can use the client side operations with the server controls and make less round trips.
There are number of ways that you can use the client side script with the Asp.net server controls. You can code it in the code behind file or you can have a separate .js file which stores the client side script. In this article we will code most of the scripts in the code behind file.
Let's see how we can pop a simple alert box using a Asp.net Server control. Below is a simple image of what will happen when you press the button.
Now let's see the code which has achieved this:
| private void Page_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { if(!Page.IsPostBack) Button1.Attributes.Add("onclick","alert('Hello World')"); } } |
As you can see that popping a simple message box is very easy. Let's see another way of doing the same thing. But this time we will make a small function that will pop us the message box. You can use the string variable to hold the complete JavaScript. But its not a good idea to concatenate string again and again since as you know string is immutable which means that each time you concatenate something in that string it will make a new string using memory again and again. That's why I am using String Builder object which is like a link list and will be made only one time.
| private void Page_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { if(!Page.IsPostBack) StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder(); str.Append("<script language=javascript>"); str.Append("function PopWindow()"); str.Append("{"); str.Append("alert('hello world')"); str.Append("}"); str.Append("</script>"); if(!Page.IsClientScriptBlockRegistered("clientscript")) { Page.RegisterClientScriptBlock("clientscript",str.ToString()); } Button1.Attributes.Add("onclick","PopWindow();"); } |
The code is not that hard to understand. We are just appending the java script on each time. Make sure that you close all the brackets and script tags or else it will throw exceptions.
We defined a simple function which is called PopWindow() which pops a little window as an alert box.
Registering the client script is the most important part. If you don't register the client script block with your application it won't work and it will throw the exception. First we are checking that if the client side block has already been registered.
We only register the client side block if the block is not already registered. Finally, we add the onclick attributes to the button control and that's it.
If you ever noticed by going to google that google automatically focuses on the textbox when you visit the page. This is very useful feature which lets the developer to quickly fill the form. Let's see how we can focus on a textbox control on the page load.
In the example we will just have a single TextBox on the form which will be named "TextBox1".
Just type this code in the Body of the Html.
| <body onload="document.forms[0]['TextBox1'].focus();" MS_POSITIONING="GridLayout"> |
Now if you load the page you will see that the focus is set on the TextBox control.
Its good to know how the Web Server Control functions but its even more better to know that how the javascript functions. This will give you more power over the existing controls.
As you might have noticed up till now that when ever you embed the JavaScript in the String Builder object it will make it larger and larger. If you are using many JavaScript functions that it will be a good idea to save all the JavaScript functions in a single .js file. This way all the code is present in one place and it will be easy to make any changes.
Let's see that how we can make the use of the .js files to save our code:
First add the .js file which you will use in your application. Adding a script file is very simple you can just right click on the project and select add new item and at the bottom you will see a JavaScript file just add that file and name it as "MyJavaScriptFile".
| if(!Page.IsPostBack) { if(!Page.IsClientScriptBlockRegistered("MyScript")) Page.RegisterClientScriptBlock("MyScript","<SCRIPT Language='JavaScript' src='MyJavaScriptFile.js'></SCRIPT>"); } Button1.Attributes.Add("onclick","PopWindow();"); } |
We have done this step in the previous examples. Here a little bit has changes now we are registering the javafile which is the .js file. And also remember that .js file only contains the functions and not the whole list of javascript tags.
Let's take a lot at a simple .js file:
| function PopWindow() { alert('hello world from the Javascript file'); } |
As you can see that the PopWindow() is the same as we have used before. By using this technique we have saved lot of bad coding and lot of code writing in the code behind file. You should always use the .js file to save your javascript.
Let's see how we can add confirmation boxes by the use of the JavaScript. Confirmation boxes are used when we need a condition based on yes or no answer. Let's add such a feature in our application.
Let's first see the JavaScript file which contains the code which will trigger when we press the button.
| function ConfirmationWindow() { var result = confirm("Are you sure"); if(result) alert('You selected YES'); } alert('You selected NO'); } } |
The result variable will contain the Boolean value indicating that if yes was selected or no was selected.
Then we are just popping a simple message box which informs the user that if the YES was selected or NO was selected.
Now let's see the code behind file which attaches the event handler to the button click control:
| if(!Page.IsPostBack) { if(!Page.IsClientScriptBlockRegistered("MyScript")) Page.RegisterClientScriptBlock("MyScript","<SCRIPT Language='JavaScript' src='MyJavaScriptFile.js'></SCRIPT>"); } Button2.Attributes.Add("onclick","ConfirmationWindow();"); } |
We have done this before in the previous examples so I don't think I need to explain it again and again. It will be a better idea to load the script when you are in the Initialize event handler or maybe you don't want to include a check for the IsPostBack since you want the script to load every time the page is loaded.
Here is a simple screen shot displaying the confirmation box:
And when you press the "ok" button it will display the following window:
So, in this article we saw how we can use the client script with the Asp.net pages. I hope you enjoyed the Tutorial.
Happy Coding !